courage n. (名詞 noun) 勇氣 courage 是不可數的抽象名詞，表”勇氣”之意。一些片語不妨注意:
��have the courage to- V 有勇氣做某事
Tom had the courage to ask our school beauty out on a date.
湯姆有勇氣與校花外出約會。
��lose courage to-v 喪失勇氣、灰心
Government will not lose courage to bring back peace for nation.
為國家恢復和平，政府不會懷憂喪志。
��pluck up one’s courage to-V鼓起勇氣
He was a little shy but plucked up his courage to speak to the teacher.。
雖然他有點害臊但他鼓起勇氣對老師說話。
encourage vt. (及物動詞 transitive verb) 鼓勵; 慫恿
encourage 是及物動詞，” 鼓勵; 慫恿”解，其後接受詞(人)，再接不定詞當受詞補語，即【encourage sb to-v】，如:
She encouraged Jack to go abroad for his further study.
她鼓勵傑克出國深造。
discourage vt. (及物動詞 transitive verb) 勸阻;打消
discourage是及物動詞，”勸阻;打消”解，其後接受詞(人)，再接介系詞from，即【discourage sb + from …】，如:
We discouraged him from giving up the job.
我們勸他不要放棄那份工作。
The rain discouraged us from going out.
雨打消了我們外出的念頭。
【Exercise】 1. Peter failed in the mid-term examination, but I encouraged him ___ hard for the finals.
{(A) preparing (B) to prepare (C) from preparing }
2. It’s raining outside, so my parents discourage me ___ out.
{(A) going (B) to go (C) from going }
3. Jack he had the courage ____ Mary to lend her homework to him though they met for the first time.
{(A) asking (B) to ask (C) from asking }
4. My teacher ___ me not to give up the plan even though I must spend a lot of time and money on it.
{(A) courage (B) encourages (C) discourages }
5. Don’t complain again. You need to pluck up your ___ to face the music.
{(A) courage (B) encouraging (C) discouraging }
6. Michael refused Cathy’s invitation to dinner; therefore, I ___ Cathy from dating with him.
{(A) courage (B) encouraged (C) discouraged }
