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各位老師

感謝參與電子報的撰寫

英文問與答
詹景雯老師

2007年8月31日是已故英國王妃黛安娜過世10周年的忌日,英國王室與政府高層在倫敦威靈頓軍營的衛兵教堂舉行感恩紀念會,民間也瀰漫著懷念與不捨的氣氛。然而在此同時,卻有一個人滿腹心酸憤怒,被迫獨守空閨,成了全英國最委屈的怨婦。她就是王儲查理王子的第二任妻子卡蜜拉。卡蜜拉早在查理與黛妃離婚之前,就已有夫之婦身分與查理長期通姦,也因此成天下之黛妃迷的公敵。

「情婦」的英文有下列幾種說法:
paramour / mistress / concubine / lover / kept woman / Pompadour
e.g. His wife suspected that he had a paramour.
他妻子懷疑他有情婦。
e.g. She was said to be the paramour of a wealthy businessman.
傳說她是某位有錢企業家的情婦。

而「情夫」的英文則有下列幾種說法:
fancy man / lover boy / gigolo / sugar daddy /lady's man / Lothario / Romeo / Casanova / Don Juan
其中 fancy man, lover boy, gigolo亦可解釋為「靠女人養的小白臉」或「吃軟飯者」。
e.g. That dragon lady had three gigolos under her husband's nose.
那位女強人當著丈夫的面,公開有三位小白臉。
e.g. He told all the women that he was sincere, but they knew he was just a lothario.
他告訴所有的女人他是真心誠意的,然而她們都心知肚明,知道他一位好色男。

卡蜜拉被視為是破壞黛妃與查理婚姻的第三者,令黛妃生前痛苦不已的人。在英文裡,我們可用「fifth wheel」來形容多餘的人或物,也就是第三者的意思。而查理王子對妻子的背叛及不忠,讓黛安娜遍體麟傷,在英文裡,我們可用「two-time」表示對伴侶不忠,亦即劈腿的意思；因此劈腿的人,我們稱為「two-timer」。與某人發生婚外情,英文用 To have a love affair with someone 形容。如果與某人發生「一夜情」或「短暫的縱慾關係」,在英文裡可用「one-nightstand」或「To have a romantic/ casual / occasional fling with someone」。像黛安娜王妃,查理王子,及卡蜜拉這種「三角戀情」,英文稱為「a love triangle」。另外,與某人發生通姦之行為, 則可用To commit adultery / To commit fornicationwith someone。

雖然卡蜜拉如願以償的成為王儲查理王子的第二任妻子,她的「情婦」形象在英國人民心中似乎揮之不去。原本決定盛裝出席黛妃紀念日,然而消息一出,批評聲浪排山倒海而來,媒體甚至以「拙劣愚蠢」、「厚顏無恥」來形容卡蜜拉的出席計畫,終於迫使她改變決定。卡蜜拉平庸的長相如何能與美麗親切,充滿愛心的黛妃相比。

形容某人外表「平凡或不起眼」的英文,有下列幾種說法:
homely / uncomely / ungainly / unattractive / plain Jane
e.g. The mother is beautiful, but the daughter is homely.
那位媽媽很美麗,可是女兒卻長的不怎麼好看。
e.g. I thought him terribly ungainly when he danced.
我覺得他跳舞時顯得極其笨拙。

黛安娜王妃雖然已辭世,她得美麗親切及平易近人的作風仍然令許多人懷念。她是人民心中永遠的王妃 A queen in people's hearts。

形容某人「和藹可親,平易近人」的英文,有以下幾種說法:
amiable / amicable / affable / congenial / friendly/ approachable / easy-going / good-natured
e.g. He is always affable to his guests.
他總是對客人和藹可親。
e.g. The girl has a warm, congenial disposition.
那位女孩性情熱誠且友善。

漫畫英語
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文法與寫作單元
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主詞與動詞的一致性
所謂「主詞與動詞的一致性」,乃指主詞與動詞的人稱、數都必須一致。

1.主詞為複數,則用複數動詞。  They read the book. 『主詞為複數They,則用複數動詞read』  cf.   She reads the book. 『主詞為單數She,則用單數動詞reads』

2.形式上主詞為複數,但意義為單數時,用單數動詞。  The teacher and scholar is giving a speech. 『那名教師兼學者表同一人,(形式上主詞為複數,但意義為單數),用單數動詞is』 Cf.  The teacher and the scholar are talking with each other. 『那名教師和那位學者表不同的兩個人,用複數動詞are』

3.兩個(含)以上的單數名詞用and連接,而視為不可分的東西時,用單數動詞。  All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. (光讀書不玩孩子腦筋會變遲鈍) 『and連接兩個單數名詞all work及no play,而視為不可分的東西時,用單數動詞。』  Bread and butter is nutritious. 『and連接兩個單數名詞bread及butter,而視為不可分的東西時,用單數動詞。』

x主詞如為「一段時間」、「一段距離」、或「一筆金錢」時,形式上為複數, 但意義為單數時,用單數動詞。   A thousand meters is not a long distance. 『一段距離,形式上為複數,但意義為單數時,用單數動詞』       A million dollars is a large amount of money.『一筆金錢,形式上為複數,但意義為單數時,用單數動詞』 Cf     A thousand boys are in the stadium.　y其他主詞與動詞的一致性:j集合名詞,若表「整體」時,用單數動詞； His family is a large one. The class is to have its picture taken next week.　集合名詞,若表「各組成份子」,用複數動詞。
All his family are early risers.  The class are to bring their textbooks tomorrow.　k主詞若為「many a + 單數名詞」,用單數動詞。 Many a boy is present at the meeting.  Many a girl has failed in the exam.『主詞若為「many a + 單數名詞」,用單數動詞is/ has』 Cf.  Many boys are present at the meeting.『主詞若為「many + 複數名詞」,用複數動詞are』
l名詞當主詞且其前有each、every修飾時,用單數動詞。 Each (or every) boy and each (or every) girls was invited.m「either A or B；neither A nor B；not only A but also B」等連接詞片語,連接兩個名詞當主詞時,動詞與最接近的主詞一致。
 Either you or I am to blame.  Neither you nor he is right.  Not only he also but I am to be investigated.　n「A as well as B」前後連接兩個名詞當主詞時,動詞與第一個主詞一致。 He as well as I is right. cf He and I are right.　o關係代名詞作子句的主詞時,其後動詞須與先行詞一致。 We will punish the boy who tells a lie to us.  
 
【Exercise】請選出正確的答案。
1. Mathematics {(A) is (B) are } a very interesting subject to me.
2. Thirty dollars {(A) is (B) are } too much to pay for those apples.
3. How {(A) are (B) is } your family?
4. Each man in the library {(A) is (B) are } studying hard.
5. Either you or Mary {(A) has (B) have } made a mistake.
6. He often fails to answer questions, which {(A) make (B) makes } his teacher angry.
7. Curry and rice {(A) is (B) are } my favorite dish.
8. I as well as he {(A) is (B) am (C) are } wrong.
9. Many a little {(A) makes (B) make } a mickle.
10. The teacher and scientist {(A) is (B) are } working in the lab.

Answer Key :
1. (A) 2. (A) 3. (A) 4. (A) 5. (A)
6. (B) 7. (A) 8. (B) 9. (A) 10. (A)

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